Expressionist printmaker and painter. Kollwitz began her art career by taking private art lessons in Munich and in Königsberg, Germany. She was the first female professor appointed to the Prussian Academy. Kollwitz produced dramic images in black and white, sometimes with a touch of color, which drew from workingclass subjects for social commentary and later focused on the death and devastation of war. During World War II, Kollwitz was forced to resign her professorship and prohibited from exhibiting her works under the Nazi regime. In the final years of her career, much of her work was broze and stone sculpture. Kollwitz has exhibited retrospectives interantionally, including at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Galerie St. Etienne, New York City; Berner Kunstmuseum, Bern, Switzerland; and Paul Cassirer galleries, Berlin.