atina on bronze is all done with a combination of heat and chemicals. You use a torch to heat up the bronze and the darker colors come from sulfur, the reds and browns from ferric nitrate (the stronger the potency and greater heat will create the stronger red color). Greens and blues will come from cupric nitrate. White is a titanium oxide mixed with weak ferric nitrate to help adhere the chemical to the bronze. Some colors are actually an acrylic paint diluted and applied with heat which will cause it to bond to the bronze. The three pieces you have all have a combination of acrylic and chemical patina. Once the patina is done it all gets sealed in place with a coat of polyurethane and then waxed with the same stuff you use to wax wood floors...